5G Network Architecture: Core Components and Protocols
5G networks introduce a highly modular, cloud-native architecture with several new components:
- New Radio (NR): Uses sub-6 GHz and mmWave frequencies for ultra-fast data rates.
- gNB (Next-Generation NodeB): The 5G base station, replacing traditional eNodeB from LTE.
- 5G Core (5GC): Implements Service-Based Architecture (SBA), enabling dynamic, software-defined networking (SDN).
- Network Slicing: Allows multiple virtualized networks (e.g., IoT, autonomous driving, AR/VR) to operate on the same infrastructure.
The 5G standard is defined by 3GPP Release 15-17, with advanced protocols like NR-PDCP, SDAP, and NG-AP managing communication layers.